David's Untitled Life

Info record can be created not only for material but also for material group.

This is used for consumed material or non-stock material purchasing.

Just input vendor/purchasing organization and leave the material field blan, then enter, SAP will require you to key in material group

https://forums.sdn.sap.com/message.jspa?messageID=7364347

http://www.sap-img.com/materials/sap-mm-configuration-tips.htm

Maintain Plant

Plant 0001 is the SAP default.

OX14 - Define Valuation Area (Tick one only- Once your system go live, no more changes)
Most company take the SAP recommended choice - Value Material Stock at Plant level
Value Material Stock at Plant or Company Level

• • If you valuate material stocks at plant level, the plant is the valuation area.
  • If you valuate material stocks at company code level, the company code is the valuation area.
  • The decision you make applies to the whole client.

OX10 - Create / Change / View Plants

OVXB - Create / Change / View Division

OX18 - Assign Plant to company code
e.g. 0001 - 0001 - All Plants
Px1 - Plant Px1
Px2 - Plant Px2
OX19 - Assignment of company code to the Controlling Area

OB38 - Assign company code to Credit Control Area

OMJ7 - Assign business area to Plant/Valuation area and division
e.g. Plant Px1 - Business Area Bx1
Bx2
Assign Valuation area to the Business Area
.e.g. Valuation area Vx1 - Business Area Bx1
Business Area Bx2

OMS0 - Assign Factory Calendar to the Plant and Business Area

The plant plays an important role in the following areas:

• Material Valuation - If the valuation level is the plant, the material stocks are valuated at plant level. Each plant can have its own material prices and account determination.
• Inventory Management - The material stocks are managed within a plant.
• MRP - Material requirements are planned for each plant. Each plant has its own MRP data. Analyses for materials planning can be made across plants.
• Production - Each plant having they own production/planning.
• Costing - In costing, valuation prices are defined only within a plant.
• Plant Maintenance - If a plant performs plant maintenance planning tasks, it is defined as a maintenance planning plant. A maintenance planning plant can also carry out planning tasks for other plants (maintenance plants).

If you want to use the application PP (production planning) or product costing and job-order costing, you must set valuation at plant level.

The valuation level that you choose affects

• the maintenance of material master records
• the G/L accounts in which material stocks are managed
• the G/L accounts to which transactions are posted in Materials Management

Effect on the maintenance of material master records:

Depending on the valuation level chosen,

• you maintain accounting data in the material master record for each plant or for each company code
• you define a valuation price for the material in each plant or in each company code

Effect on G/L accounts:

If material stocks are valuated at company code level, all plant stocks of a material are managed in a joint stock account for each company code.
If material stocks are valuated at plant level, you can manage the material stocks for each plant in different accounts. For each plant, you can define a separate determination.
If several plants are to use account determination, you can group these plants in "Valuation and Account Assignment" Customizing.

Material Master - Introduction

The material master is the starting point for the rest of the modules.

What Material Types are there?

The material types that you use are configured in Customizing for the Material Master under

Logistics Master Data : Material Master -> Material -> Control data -> Define material type attributes.

The following list shows you the material types contained, for example, in the standard SAP R/3 System, and what their different roles are:

DIEN (services)
Services are procured externally and cannot be stored. A material master record of this material type can always contain purchasing data.

FERT (finished products)
Finished products are produced by the company itself. Since they cannot be ordered by Purchasing, a material master record of this material type does not contain purchasing data.

FHMI (production resources/tools)
Production resources/tools are procured externally and used in the manufacture of products. A material master record of this material type can contain purchasing data, but no sales data. It is managed on a quantity basis. Examples of production resources/tools are apparatus, equipment, and measuring and testing devices.

HALB (semifinished products)
Semifinished products can be procured externally (sub-contracting) as well as manufactured in-house. They are then processed by the company. A material master record of this material type can contain both purchasing and work scheduling data.

HAWA (trading goods)
Trading goods are always procured externally and then sold. A material master record of this material type can contain purchasing and sales data.

HIBE (operating supplies)
Operating supplies are procured externally and required for the manufacture of other products. A material master record of this material type can contain purchasing data but no sales data.

NLAG (non-stock material)
Non-stock material is material that is not held in stock because it is consumed immediately. (Office supplies such as stationary. You need to create purchase order and accounting document for payment but the stock balance is always zero as it is issued out immediately to the various department.)

ROH (raw materials)
Raw materials are always procured externally and then processed. Since raw materials cannot be sold, a material master record of this material type contains no sales data.

UNBW (non-valuated materials)
Non-valuated materials are managed on a quantity basis, but not by value.

VERP (packaging materials)
Packaging materials are used to transport goods and come with the goods free of charge. A material master record of this material type is managed both on a quantity basis and by value.

WETT (competitive products)
Competitive products have their own material master records created from the Basic Data view. The competitor's number, which is stored in the material master record, assigns the material to a particular competitor.

Maintain the Material Type

OMS2 - Material Type Maintenance - Create/Change/Display

Steps:-

• transaction OMS2
• click Change
• key in the Material Type you want to change e.g. FERT then hit enter

The Views belows allows you to choose the Views for each Material Type.
(Press the Page up/Page Down keys to scroll the views)

If you tried to change from FERT to HAWA in 4.6x, you will receive an error message :-
The material type cannot be changed. This is not allowed if only external procurement is defined for the new material type, or if the new material type has a different account category reference than the old material type.

To overcome it, goto OMS2 and change the HAWA material type.
In the Internal/external purchase orders sections:
Original Changes
Ext. purchase orders 2 1
Int. purchase orders 0 1

Screens in Material Master

• MM01 - Create, MM02 - Change, MM03 - Display and MM06 - Flag for deletion.
• MM04 - Display the changes done to the material master.
• MMAM - Change the Material Type. for e.g. from FERT to HALB

Configure the Material Master Screen MM01 / MM02 / MM03

OMSR - Assign the field to the field group
OMS9 - Maintain the data screen field

Unit of Measure

In the material master, there is a Units of measure button for users to store in the different conversion rate. This sample program (ZUNT) extract the data from the unit of measure conversion table.

In the Material Master the moving average price are affected by:-

• Goods Receipt for Purchase Orders
• Transfer from Plant to Plant
• Invoice Receipt
• Settlement
• Price Change

Common configuration changes-

• define new material group (OMSF)
• define new valuation class (OMSK) and automatic posting (OBYC)
• define new material account assignment group (transaction OVK5) and
  Customer/Material/Account keys (transaction VKOA)

After blocking, when the user do a inventory posting, they will get this error message :-

E: Material xxxxx has status Blocked for procmnt/whse

To activate the blocking :-

Goto transaction MM02 - Purchasing View

Type in 01 at the MM/PP status field and save it

Create Delivery Log - Material xxx is blocked

During the Create Delivery (VL01), SAP prompt you a log that Material xxx is blocked.

During the Sales Order Create/Change for that material, there might be some update termination that causes the locked of the material (Windows hanged or power failure).

You can check using transaction SM12 - type an "*" at the User name field.

Check whether the material is in the locked list.

If it is in the locked list, asked the user to log out before you delete it from the locked list.

Maintain Storage Location

MMSC - Collective entry of Storage Location for a material.

Insert new or delete un-used Storage Location.

Maintain whether the storage location was included or excluded from MRP run.

Block Storage Location from further posting

1. You can block the storage location of a material without affecting the rest of the location using the same material.
Create a Physical Inventory document for the storage location with transaction MI01

Select the Posting Block checkbox.
This would prevent transactions from occuring until you either post or delete the physical inventory document.
(There are no impact, unless you do a post difference for the physical inventory document.)

2. Another method is to rename the storage location name.

Go to transaction OX09
Edit -> Copy as (copy the original storage location to a new name, replacing the first character e.g. ZXXX)
Edit -> Delete (delete the original storage location)

Do the reverse if you want back the original storage location.

Accounting document number range for MM

Transaction OMW9

Document Type - Double click on desire transaction code to check the document type for number range.
(e.g. MR21 Document type - PR)

Financial accounting document type - Assign the document type to a number range and account type.
(e.g. PR - Account type allowed for posting will be MS)

• Double click on the document type PR.
• Assign an unique starting number range that was not used. e.g. 88
• Choose the Account type for Material and G/L account (MS)
• The rest of the fields are optional (you can leave it as blank)

SAP definitions for account type -

• A - Assets
• D - Customers
• K - Vendors
• M - Material
• S - G/L accounts

Number ranges for financial accounting document type - Assign the number range to the running number range.

No. Year (till) From number To number Current number Ext (no tick internal or tick external)
88 9999 8800000000 8899999999 Track by SAP Blank

Accounting document will be generated if there are stocks during price change, if you don't have any stocks, no accounting document will be generated as there are no inventory to revaluate for price differences.

Valuation Class for Material Group

In 4.6x and 4.5b, you can assign valuation class to Material Group.

It is useful in the sense that user do not have to manually do an Account Assignments.

For stock items, valuation class cannot be changed whenever the stock on hand is not zero.

Valuation class are tied to a G/L account.

A change of valuation class means a change of G/L account.

In FI concept, you have to debit and credit to balance the G/L account. That is why your stock must be zero before the system allows you to changed the valuation class. If it is not zero, you have to either transfer it to another material or do a dummy issues. After changing the valuation class, do a reversal entries for the stocks which you have transfer out or you have done a dummy issues.

IMG - Material Management -> Purchasing -> Material Master -> Entry aids for items without a Material Master

G/L Accounts in MM Account Determination

The program RM07C030 check all the G/L account define in your Material Master valuation class.

Search is via Company code and Valuation area.

Compare fields status for movement types against General Ledger

Use SA38 then run RM07CUFA

http://baike.baidu.com/view/339128.htm

http://www.cn21.com.cn/onlinebook/guojimaoyi/index.htm

SAP提供了一个程序，可以优化计划交货时间的设定。

通过菜单Logistics->Materials Management ->Purchasing ->Master Data ->WPDTC - Planned Delivery Time Calculation

可以列出系统在主数据中设定的计划交货时间和实际交货平均时间(PO与GR之间的日期长度) 这样可以对相差较多，不合理的进行更改

我们采购一个物料的时候，有可能这个物料有很多可变的参数。比如SAP为汽车制造业提供的解决方案就充分的利用了LO Variant Configuration 比如汽车的颜色。如果参数很多，为每一个可能都建立一个物料主数据是十分麻烦的，所以SAP提供了物料配置的功能。使得我们在采购和销售物料时，可以指定参数。

那么在SAP关于采购的help中提供了一个最简单的示例，就是配置公司采购的信封，信封有尺寸和是否具有logo等可配置属性。

具体操作步骤可以参考 http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/9f/fb79385feddf6ae10000009b38f8cf/content.htm

最终配置的效果如下

在物料主数据的purchasing view中，有Variable Units of Measure这么一个字段。

SAP Help的解释是

Variable Units of Measure

In the material master record, you can specify that the material can be procured in a unit of measure that differs from the order unit.

1

in the Variable order unit field.

让我们来做下实验。

如果此字段为空，采购单位为BAG，则在建立PO时，如果将单位改为PC，则系统会自动改回BAG并提示无法改为PC。

如果此字段设为1，建立PO时，将单位改为PC，则可以通过。

This note provides answers to frequently asked questions concerning account assignment in purchasing documents.

List of questions

1. Why is the G/L account for a sales order with non-valuated customer sales order stock different from the account with valuated customer sales order stock?
2. Can I create several assets in the new purchasing transactions at the same time?
3. You create a purchase order with account assignment using Transaction ME22. You enter a material group, from which a G/L account is determined via the valuation class. If you go to a material group that does not determine a G/L account via the valuation class, the system deletes the previous G/L account and prompts you to enter a G/L account. If you cancel the account assignment screen and change back the material group on the item detail screen, the previously determined G/L account is not determined again. Why is that?
4. Is there an easy way of entering the same account assignments for different items in the new Enjoy transactions?
5. Why does the repeat account assignment function not work in the new Enjoy transactions when I create new account assignments in the multiple account assignment?
6. Why does the system generate message KI161 'Cost center does not exist on &' when I change the account assignment of an existing purchase order? The same thing happens for other account assignment objects (for example, profit center).
7. Can I create assets from within the single account assignment screen?
8. Why does the system not display an account assignment tab page even though I have entered an account assignment category?
9. Why does the system sometimes derive account assignment objects even though the corresponding field on the account assignment tab page is hidden??
10. You create a purchase order with reference to a subcontracting purchase requisition. This purchase requisition was created with an unknown account assignment, that is, account assignment category 'U'. When you change the account assignment category in the purchase order, the system issues error message ME453 'Changing consump. or spec.
11. Why can I not select a valuated goods receipt together with multiple account assignment in a purchase order/purchase requisition?
12. Funds Management is active. Why are the fields EBAN-FISTL, -GEBER, -KBLNR, -GRANT und -FKBER (as in table EKPO) empty?
13. You want to change a purchase order item with account assignment category 'A' which contains a locked asset. The system displays error message AA 334: 'You cannot post to this asset (Asset & & blocked for acquisitions)'.
14. What is the meaning of the indicator for the account assignment screen that I can set in Customizing for Single account assignment/Multiple account assignment?
15. Is there an unknown account assignment for standard purchase orders?
16. You change data in a purchase order item (for example, purchase order value, delivery date, and so on). The system does not check the account assignment again.
17. If you delete all entered account assignment lines in the account assignment screen, the system exits the account assignment tab title and goes to the material data. In addition, the system displays an error message telling you to enter account assignment data for the item in case of an account assignment.
18. Which account assignment categories should I enter in schedule line categories for third-party order processing (CS) and individual purchase order processing (CB)?
19. You subsequently change the material group in a limit purchase order or in a purchase requisition assigned to an account. Even though the new material group is assigned to another G/L account via the valuation class, the system does not redetermine the account assignment of the item. The old G/L account remains.
20. In Customizing, you can set the account assignment fields as mandatory, optional or display fields or as completely hidden fields, depending on the account assignment category. These settings also determine whether or not the system deletes the values of the account assignment fields when you change the account assignment category in a purchase order item.
21. You create a purchase order item assigned to an account with reference to a purchase requisition. You create a second schedule line for this purchase order item with reference to another purchase requisition. The system ignores the account assignment data of the purchase requisition for the second schedule line.
22. Why can I undelete an item in a purchase requisition if the corresponding account assignment data is no longer valid?
23. You create a purchasing document with reference to a reference document. What account assignment data is transferred?
--------------------------

1. Question:
Why is the G/L account for a sales order with non-valuated customer sales order stock different from the account with valuated customer sales order stock?

Answer:

Refer to Note 458270.
--------------------------

1. Question:
Can I create several assets in the new purchasing transactions at the same time?

Answer:

It is possible to create several assets at the same time. However, you must ensure that there are enough account assignment lines for the number of assets you want to create. You can insert additional lines using the copy function.
--------------------------

1. Question:
You create a purchase order with account assignment using Transaction ME22. You enter a material group, from which a G/L account is determined via the valuation class. If you go to a material group that does not determine a G/L account via the valuation class, the system deletes the previous G/L account and prompts you to enter a G/L account. If you cancel the account assignment screen and change back the material group on the item detail screen, the previously determined G/L account is not determined again. Why is that?

Answer:

Unfortunately, we cannot change this system behavior. First, enter any G/L account so that the item is valid. If you then go to the old material group again, the system determines the correct G/L account.
--------------------------

1. Question:
Is there an easy way of entering the same account assignments for different items in the new Enjoy transactions?

Answer:

Ensure that Note 315676 is implemented in your system and follow the procedure described there.
--------------------------

1. Question:
Why does the repeat account assignment function not work in the new Enjoy transactions when I create new account assignments in the multiple account assignment?

Solution:

Use the copy function in the multiple account assignment to create identical account assignment lines. With the repeat account assignment function you can create similar account assignments for different items with the same account assignment category. To do this, proceed as described in question 4.
--------------------------

1. Question:
Why does the system generate message KI161 'Cost center does not exist on &' when I change the account assignment of an existing purchase order?
The same thing happens for other account assignment objects (for example, profit center).

Solution:

Refer to Note 193371.
--------------------------

1. Question:
Can I create assets from within the single account assignment screen?

Solution:

Assets can only be created from the multiple account assignment screen ('Account assignment' tab page).
You can change between single account assignment and multiple account assignment in the 'Account assignment' tab page by clicking the icon in the upper left corner.
--------------------------

1. Question:
Why does the system not display an account assignment tab page even though I have entered an account assignment category?

Solution:

When you have implemented Note 520149, the system only displays the account assignment tab page when you have entered all required information, for example, the company code.
--------------------------

1. Question:
Why does the system sometimes derive account assignment objects even though the corresponding field on the account assignment tab page is hidden??

Solution:

Refer to Note 619203.
--------------------------

1. Question:
You create a purchase order with reference to a subcontracting purchase requisition. This purchase requisition was created with an unknown account assignment, that is, account assignment category 'U'. When you change the account assignment category in the purchase order, the system issues error message ME453 'Changing consump. or spec.

Solution:

Refer to Note 205597.
--------------------------

1. Question:
Why can I not select a valuated goods receipt together with multiple account assignment in a purchase order/purchase requisition?

Solution:

Refer to Note 204252.
--------------------------

1. Question:
Funds Management is active. Why are the fields EBAN-FISTL, -GEBER, -KBLNR, -GRANT und -FKBER (as in table EKPO) empty?

Solution:

The system only fills these fields if the account assignment category is set to 'blank'. If you maintain an account assignment category in the purchasing document, the system transfers the information in these fields to the EBKN table (as in EKKN).
--------------------------

1. Question:
You want to change a purchase order item with account assignment category 'A' which contains a locked asset. The system displays error message AA 334: 'You cannot post to this asset (Asset & & blocked for acquisitions)'.

Solution:

This is standard system design. To change this purchase order item, you have the following two options:

a) If you no longer require the purchase order item with the blocked asset, delete the purchase order item.
b) Otherwise, activate the asset, make the required changes to the purchase order item and then block the asset again.
--------------------------

1. Question:
What is the meaning of the indicator for the account assignment screen that I can set in Customizing for Single account assignment/Multiple account assignment?

Solution:

The indicator determines the account assignment screen that is generally used for maintaining the account assignment of a purchase order item.
For the EnjoySAP transactions, this value is a proposal that you can change in the purchasing document.
For the old transactions, this value is the only value you can use.
--------------------------

1. Question:
Is there an unknown account assignment for standard purchase orders?

Solution:

In general, this is not allowed, and the system displays message ME 069 'Unknown account assignment not assigned for user here'. Service items that you create with item category D (Service) or B (Limit) are an exception in this respect.
--------------------------

1. Question:
You change data in a purchase order item (for example, purchase order value, delivery date, and so on).
etc.). The system does not check the account assignment again.

Solution:

This is standard system design. If the system has already checked the account assignment without errors when you created the purchase order item, it only checks the account assignment again if you change a field that is relevant for the account assignment (for example, quantity, material number, and so on).
If this system response does not meet your requirements, implement the account assignment check in the ME_PROCESS_PO_CUST BAdI. The system calls the BAdI each time the purchase order is changed.
--------------------------

1. Question:
If you delete all entered account assignment lines in the account assignment screen, the system exits the account assignment tab title and goes to the material data. In addition, the system displays an error message telling you to enter account assignment data for the item in case of an account assignment.

Answer:

If you delete all account assignment lines, the system assumes that you do not want to maintain account assignment data.
This is in conflict with the account assignment category and the system issues error message 06436. You can remove the account assignment indicator.
Procedure:
If you want to delete all entered account assignment data, you can simply remove the account assignment category. The system then automatically deletes all account assignment data.
If you only want to change the account assignment data, make the changes in the corresponding account assignment lines and delete the lines you no longer require.
--------------------------

1. Question:
Which account assignment categories should I enter in schedule line categories for third-party order processing (CS) and individual purchase order processing (CB)?

Solution:

See Note 210997.
--------------------------

1. Question:
You subsequently change the material group in a limit purchase order or in a purchase requisition assigned to an account. Even though the new material group is assigned to another G/L account via the valuation class, the system does not determine the account assignment of the item again. The old G/L account remains.

Solution:

See Note 449216.
--------------------------

1. Question:
In Customizing, you can set the account assignment fields as mandatory, optional or display fields or as completely hidden fields, depending on the account assignment category. These settings also determine whether or not the system deletes the values of the account assignment fields when you change the account assignment category in a purchase order item.

Answer:

In MM Customizing, when you maintain the account assignment categories (IMG: Materials Management-> Purchasing -> Account Assignment-> Maintain Account Assignment Categories), you can control the different account assignment fields as follows:
Required entry: You must make an entry in the field, otherwise the system displays error message ME 083.

Optional entry: You may make an entry in the field.

Display: The field is displayed, but it is not ready for input.

Hidden: The field is hidden.

For example:
Account assignment category K, the cost center field is optional, the cost center field is filled with value 1000;
you change the account assignment category to P.
Depending on the field settings for the cost center with account assignment category P, the system response is as follows:
The cost center is a required entry or an optional entry field: The system transfers the value 1000 for the cost center

Displaying the cost center: first, the value 1000 is deleted for the cost center. If the system can determine a value again after you enter the changed account assignment category, this value is transferred.

The cost center field is hidden: The system deletes the value 1000 for the cost center.

--------------------------

1. Question:
You create a purchase order item assigned to an account with reference to a purchase requisition. You create a second schedule line for this purchase order item with reference to another purchase requisition. The system ignores the account assignment data of the purchase requisition for the second schedule line.

Solution:

This is standard system design. The system does not create a multiple account assignment in the purchase order item, even if the two referenced purchase requisitions are assigned to different CO objects.
Also refer to Note 47150 for the old transactions and to Notes 422609 and 771045 for the EnjoySAP transactions.
--------------------------

1. Question:
Why can I undelete an item in a purchase requisition, if
the corresponding account assignment data is no longer valid?

Solution:

When you undelete an item in a purchase requisition, the system does not run a new account assignment check. Therefore, the system does not check the account assignment data again.
Nevertheless, errors occur if you try to create a purchase order with reference to this purchase
requisition.
When you undelete an item in a purchase order, however, the system does run
another account assignment check.
--------------------------

1. Question:
You create a purchasing document with reference to a reference document. What account assignment data is transferred?

Solution:

The account assignment data is derived from the reference document.
If you delete the account assignment category and enter it again, a new automatic general ledger account determination occurs.

The following list shows the individual transactions with examples of how they are used:

• Agency business: income (AG1)

This transaction can be used in agency business for income deriving from commission (e.g. del credere commission). The account key is used in the calculation schemas for agency business to determine the associated revenue accounts.

• Agency business: turnover (AG2)

This transaction can be used in agency business if turnover (business volume) postings are activated in Customizing for the payment types. The account key is specified in Customizing for the billing type.

• Agency business: expense (AG3)

This transaction can be used in agency business for commission expenses. The account key is used in the calculation schemas for agency business to determine the associated expense accounts.

• Expense/revenue from consumption of consignment material (AKO)

This transaction is used in Inventory Management in the case of withdrawals from consignment stock or when consignment stock is transferred to own stock if the material is subject to standard price control and the consignment price differs from the standard price.

• Expenditure/income from transfer posting (AUM)

This transaction is used for transfer postings from one material to another if the complete value of the issuing material cannot be posted to the value of the receiving material. This applies both to materials with standard price control and to materials with moving average price control. Price differences can arise for materials with moving average price if stock levels are negative and the stock value becomes unrealistic as a result of the posting. Transaction AUM can be used irrespective of whether the transfer posting involves a transfer between plants. The expenditure/income is added to the receiving material.

• Provisions for subsequent (end-of-period rebate) settlement (BO1)

If you use the "subsequent settlement" function with regard to conditions (e.g. for period-end volume-based rebates), provisions for accrued income are set up when goods receipts are recorded against purchase orders if this is defined for the condition type.

• Income from subsequent settlement (BO2)

The rebate income generated in the course of "subsequent settlement" (end-of-period rebate settlement) is posted via this transaction.

• Income from subsequent settlement after actual settlement (BO3)

If a goods receipt occurs after settlement accounting has been effected for a rebate arrangement, no further provisions for accrued rebate income can be managed by the "subsequent settlement" facility. No postings should be made to the account normally used for such provisions. As an alternative, you can use this transaction to post provisions for accrued rebate income to a separate account in cases such as the one described.

• Supplementary entry for stock (BSD)

This account is posted when closing entries are made for a cumulation run. This account is a supplementary account to the stock account; that is, the stock account is added to it to determine the stock value that was calculated via the cumulation. In the process, the various valuation areas (for example, commercial, tax), that are used in the balance sheet are taxed separately.

• Change in stock (BSV)

Changes in stocks are posted in Inventory Management at the time goods receipts are recorded or subsequent adjustments made with regard to subcontract orders.

If the account assigned here is defined as a cost element, you must specify a preliminary account assignment for the account in the table of automatic account assignment specification (Customizing for Controlling) in order to be able to post goods receipts against subcontract orders. In the standard system, cost center SC-1 is defined for this purpose.

• Stock posting (BSX)

This transaction is used for all postings to stock accounts. Such postings are effected, for example:

• In inventory management in the case of goods receipts to own stock and goods issues from own stock
• In invoice verification, if price differences occur in connection with incoming invoices for materials valuated at moving average price and there is adequate stock coverage
• In order settlement, if the order is assigned to a material with moving average price and the actual costs at the time of settlement vary from the actual costs at the time of goods receipt

Because this transaction is dependent on the valuation class, it is possible to manage materials with different valuation classes in separate stock accounts.

Caution

Take care to ensure that:

• A stock account is not used for any transaction other than BSX
• Postings are not made to the account manually
• The account is not changed in the productive system before all stock has been booked out of it

Otherwise differences would arise between the total stock value of the material master records and the balance on the stock account.

• Revaluation of "other" consumptions (COC)

This transaction/event key is only relevant to Brazil. It is used if a revaluation report is used for company codes in Brazil.

The revaluation report uses the actual prices determined by the material ledger/actual costing t

• Revaluate costs on the basis of actual prices
• Post the price differences arising from "other" consumptions (e.g. consumption to cost center) to a collective account

This transaction/event key is needed to post the price differences. The account specified here is posted with the price differences for "other" consumptions.

• Del credere (DEL)

Transaction/event key for the payment/invoice list documents in Purchasing. The account key is needed in the calculation schema for payment/settlement processing to determine the associated revenue accounts.

• Small differences, Materials Management (DIF)

This transaction is used in Invoice Verification if you define a tolerance for minor differences and the balance of an invoice does not exceed the tolerance.

• Purchase account(EIN), purchase offsetting account (EKG), freight purchase account (FRE)

These transactions are used only ifPurchase Account Managementis active in the company code.

Note

Due to special legal requirements, this function was developed specially for certain countries (Belgium, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, and Finland).

Before you use this function, check whether you need to use it in your country.

• Freight clearing (FR1), provision for freight charges (FR2), customs duty clearing (FR3), provision for customs duty (FR4)

These transactions are used to post delivery costs (incidental procurement costs) in the case of goods receipts against purchase orders and incoming invoices. Which transaction is used for which delivery costs depends on the condition types defined in the purchase order.

You can also enter your own transactions for delivery costs in condition types.

• External service (FRL)

The transaction is used for goods and invoice receipts in connection with subcontract orders.

If the account assigned here is defined as a cost element, you must specify a preliminary account assignment for the account in the table of automatic account assignment specification (Customizing for Controlling) in order to be able to post goods receipts against subcontract orders. In the standard system, cost center SC-1 is defined for this purpose.

• External service, delivery costs (FRN)

This transaction is used for delivery costs (incidental costs of procurement) in connection with subcontract orders.

If the account assigned here is defined as a cost element, you must specify a preliminary account assignment for the account in the table of automatic account assignment specification (Customizing for Controlling) in order to be able to post goods receipts against subcontract orders. In the standard system, cost center SC-1 is defined for this purpose.

• Offsetting entry for stock posting (GBB)

Offsetting entries for stock postings are used in Inventory Management. They are dependent on the account grouping to which each movement type is assigned. The following account groupings are defined in the standard system:

• AUA: for order settlement
• AUF: for goods receipts for orders (without account assignment)
  and for order settlement if AUA is not maintained
• AUI: Subsequent adjustment of actual price from cost center directly
  to material (with account assignment)
• BSA: for initial entry of stock balances
• INV: for expenditure/income from inventory differences
• VAX: for goods issues for sales orders without
  account assignment object (the account is not a cost element)
• VAY: for goods issues for sales orders with
  account assignment object (account is a cost element)
• VB for consumption from stock of material provided to vendor
• VBR: for internal goods issues (for example, for cost center)
• VKA: for sales order account assignment
  (for example, for individual purchase order)
• VKP: for project account assignment (for example, for individual PO)
• VNG: for scrapping/destruction
• VQP: for sample withdrawals without account assignment
• VQY: for sample withdrawals with account assignment
• ZOB: for goods receipts without purchase orders (mvt type 501)
• ZOF: for goods receipts without production orders
  (mvt types 521 and 531)

You can also define your own account groupings. If you intend to post goods issues for cost centers (mvt type 201) and goods issues for orders (mvt type 261) to separate consumption accounts, you can assign the account grouping ZZZ to movement type 201 and account grouping YYY to movement type 261.

Caution

If you use goods receipts without a purchase order in your system (movement type 501), you have to check to which accounts the account groupings are assignedZOB

If you expect invoices for the goods receipts, and these invoices can only be posted in Accounting, you can enter a clearing account (similar to a GR/IR clearing account though without open item management), which is cleared in Accounting when you post the vendor invoice.

Note that the goods movement is valuated with the valuation price of the material if no external amount has been entered.

As no account assignment has been entered in the standard system, the assigned account is not defined as a cost element. If you assign a cost element, you have to enter an account assignment via the field selection or maintain an automatic account assignment for the cost element.

• Purchase order with account assignment (KBS)

You cannot assign this transaction/event key to an account. It means that the account assignment is adopted from the purchase order and is used for the purpose of determining the posting keys for the goods receipt.

• Exchange rate differences in the case of open items (KDM)

Exchange rate differences in the case of open items arise when an invoice relating to a purchase order is posted with a different exchange rate to that of the goods receipt and the material cannot be debited or credited due to standard price control or stock undercoverage/shortage.

• Differences due to exchange rate rounding, Materials Management (KDR)

An exchange rate rounding difference can arise in the case of an invoice made out in a foreign currency. If a difference arises when the posting lines are translated into local currency (as a result of rounding), the system automatically generates a posting line for this rounding difference.

• Exchange rate differences from lower levels (KDV)

In multi-level periodic settlement in the material ledger, some of the exchange rate differences that have been posted during the period in respect of the raw materials and semi-finished products used in the manufacture of a semi-finished or finished product are debited or credited to that semi-finished or finished product.

• Consignment liabilities (KON)

Consignment liabilities arise in the case of withdrawals from consignment stock or from a pipeline or when consignment stock is transferred to own stock.

Depending on the settings for the posting rules for the transaction/event key KON, it is possible to work with or without account modification. If you work with account modification, the following modifications are available in the standard system:

• None for consignment liabilities
• PIP for pipeline liabilities

• Offsetting entry for price differences in cost object hierarchies (KTR)

The contra entry for price difference postings (transaction PRK) arising through settlement via material account determination is carried out with transaction KTR.

• Accruals and deferrals account (material ledger) (LKW)

If the process of material price determination in the material ledger is not accompanied by revaluation of closing stock, the price and exchange rate differences that should actually be applied to the stock value are contra-posted to accounts with the transaction/event key LKW.

If, on the other hand, price determination in the material ledger is accompanied by revaluation of the closing stock, the price and exchange rate differences are posted to the stock account (i.e. the stock is revalued).

• Price differences (PRD)

Price differences arise for materials valuated at standard price in the case of all movements and invoices with a value that differs from the standard price. Examples: goods receipts against purchase orders (if the PO price differs from the standard pricedardpreis), goods issues in respect of which an external amount is entered, invoices (if the invoice price differs from the PO price and the standard price).

Price differences can also arise in the case of materials with moving average price if there is not enough stock to cover the invoiced quantity. In the case of goods movements in the negative range, the moving average price is not changed. Instead, any price differences arising are posted to a price difference account.

Depending on the settings for the posting rules for transaction/event key PRD, it is possible to work with or without account modification. If you use account modification, the following modifications are available in the standard system:

• None for goods and invoice receipts against purchase orders
• PRF for goods receipts against production orders and
  order settlement
• PRA for goods issues and other movements
• PRU for transfer postings (price differences in the case
  of external amounts)

• Price differences in cost object hierarchies (PRK)

In cost object hierarchies, price differences occur both for the assigned materials with standard price and for the accounts of the cost object hierarchy. In the course of settlement for cost object hierarchies after settlement via material account determination, the price differences are posted via the transaction PRK.

• Price differences, product cost collector (PRP)

During settlement accounting with regard to a product cost collector in repetitive manufacturing, price differences are posted with the transaction PRP in the case of the valuated sales order stock.

This transaction is currently used in the following instances only:

- Production cost collector in Release 4.0

- Product cost collector in IS Automotive Release 2.0 (product cost collector in connection with APO)

• Offsetting entry: price differences, product cost collector (PRQ)

The offsetting (contra) entry to price difference postings (transaction PRP) in the course of settlement accounting with respect to a product cost collector in repetitive manufacturing in the case of the valuated sales order stock is carried out via transaction PRQ.

This transaction is currently used in the following instances only:

- Production cost collector in Release 4.0

- Product cost collector in IS Automotive Release 2.0 (product cost collector in connection with APO)

• Price differences from lower levels (PRV)

In multi-level periodic settlement in the material ledger, some of the price differences posted during the period in respect of the raw materials and semi-finished products used in a semi-finished or finished product are debited or credited to that semi-finished or finished product.

• Price differences for material ledger (PRY)

In the course of settlement in the material ledger, price differences from the material ledger are posted with the transaction PRY.

• Expense and revenue from revaluation (retroactive pricing, RAP)

This transaction/event key is used in Invoice Verification within the framework of the revaluation of goods and services supplied for which settlement has already taken place. Any difference amounts determined are posted to the accounts assigned to the transaction/event key RAP (retroactive pricing) as expense or revenue.

At the time of the revaluation, the amounts determined or portions thereof) are posted neither to material stock accounts nor to price difference accounts. The full amount is always posted to the "Expense from Revaluation" or "Revenue from Revaluation" account. The offsetting (contra) entry is made to the relevant vendor account.

• Invoice reductions in Logistics Invoice Verification (RKA)

This transaction/event key is used in Logistics Invoice Verification for the interim posting of price differences in the case of invoice reductions.

If a vendor invoice is reduced, two accounting documents are automatically created for the invoice document. With the first accounting document, the amount invoiced is posted in the vendor line. An additional line is generated on the invoice reduction account to partially offset this amount. With the second accounting document, the invoice reduction is posted in the form. of a credit memo from the vendor. The offsetting entry to the vendor line is the invoice reduction account. Hence the invoice reduction account is always balanced off by two accounting documents within one transaction.

• Provision for delivery costs (RUE)

Provisions are created for accrued delivery costs if a condition type for provisions is entered in the purchase order. They must be cleared manually at the time of invoice verification.

• Taxes in case of transfer posting GI/GR (TXO)

This transaction/event key is only relevant to Brazil (nota fiscal).

• Revenue/expense from revaluation (UMB)

This transaction/event key is used both in Inventory Management and in Invoice Verification if the standard price of a material has been changed and a movement or an invoice is posted to the previous period (at the previous price).

• Expenditure/income from revaluation (UMD)

This account is the offsetting account for the BSD account. It is posted during the closing entries for the cumulation run of the material ledger and has to be defined for the same valuation areas.

• Unplanned delivery costs (UPF)

Unplanned delivery costs are delivery costs (incidental procurement costs) that were not planned in a purchase order (e.g. freight, customs duty). In the SAP posting transaction in Logistics Invoice Verification, instead of distributing these unplanned delivery costs among all invoice items as hitherto, you have the option of posting them to a special account. A separate tax code can be used for this account.

• Input tax, Purchasing (VST)

Transaction/event key for tax account determination within the "subsequent settlement" facility for debit-side settlement types. The key is needed in the settlement schema for tax conditions.

• Inflation posting (WGB)

Transaction key, which posts inflation postings to a different account within the handling of inflation for the period-end closing.

• Goods issue, revaluation (inflation) (WGI)

This transaction/event key is used if already-posted goods issues have to be revaluated following the determination of a new market price within the framework of inflation handling.

• Goods receipt, revaluation (inflation) (WGR)

This transaction/event key is used if already-effected transfer postings have to be revaluated following the determination of a new market price within the framework of inflation handling. This transaction is used for the receiving plant, whereas transaction WGI (goods receipt, revaluation (inflation)) is used for the plant at which the goods are issued.

• GR/IR clearing (WRX)

Postings to the GR/IR clearing account occur in the case of goods and invoice receipts against purchase orders. For more on the GR/IR clearing account, refer to the SAP Library (documentationMM Material Valuation).

Caution

You must set theBalances in local currency onlyindicator for the GR/IR clearing account to enable the open items to be cleared. For more on this topic, see the field documentation.

• GR/IR clearing for material ledger (WRY)

This transaction/event key is not used from Release 4.0 onwards.

Prior to 4.0, it was used for postings to the GR/IR clearing account if the material ledger was active. As of Release 4.0, the transaction is no longer necessary, since postings to the GR/IR account in parallel currencies are possible.

Customers who used the transaction WRY prior to Release 4.0 must make a transfer posting from the WRY account to the WRX account in order to ensure that the final balance on the WRY account is zero.

在使用物料主数据相关TCODE进入相关屏幕时(以MM01为例)，我们会发现在不同的项目里，有些屏幕字段是必输项，有些不是，有些干脆被隐藏。这个是通过一个叫做field selection的进行配置来起作用的。

field selection与transaction code(MM01 MM02 MM03屏幕字段表现各不相同) material type; procurement type;industry section;plant;SAP delivery相关。

Field selection在后台的相关配置路径如图所示

所有的field不是单独被控制的，而是被组成了group，对整个group进行必输 可输 隐藏等设定

首先我们运行Assign Fields to Field Selection Groups 可以看到MARA-MEINS在group 1里面

点击后面绿色的按钮，可以进入到相应的GROUP的设定。走菜单的Maintain Field Selection for Data Screens也可以进入的配置屏幕。

我们进入到material type的配置屏幕，可以看到ROH原材料的field reference配置的是ROH

那么我们回到field selection group的配置画面，找到field ref.为ROH的一行，将其改为隐藏，看看是否可以有效果

我们看到，这个basic unit字段被隐藏了

其他关于Industry Sector的配置可以简单的看一下配置画面，也十分简单。

其他，关于procurement type是内制还是外购，是固定的，field ref是E和F

关于TCODE呢，可以在field ref. MM01 MM02等找到相应的配置。

而和plant有关的配置，只在有Plant有关的view里才会工作

在物料主数据的会计1视图中，有一个重要的屏幕字段valuation class 这个选项将会决定此物料的财务记账的科目。

那么这是如何起作用，如何配置的呢？为什么search help会自动带出几个相关的valuation class?

这其中有一个起到桥梁作用的，叫做account category reference

也就是说，一个物料类型，会配置一个account category reference，而一个account category referenceH会对应多个valuation class。那么定义一个物料，相关的物料类型就决定了可以选择的valuation class了。

下面我们看一下实际操作

在后台的配置路径如下

第一个Define Valuation Control 会让我们选择是否激活valuation group code 因为SAP的配置十分灵活，我们可能很多工厂的记账方式和科目都是一样的，这样避免重复配置，可以将他们group在一起，然后将这个group进行配置。我们还是重点讲解valuation class

执行Define Valuation Classes

我们可以看到三个push button 那么第一个就是可以定义account category ref.

第二个定义valuation class 并assign一个act category ref.

第三个将每个物料类型assign一个act category ref. 这样便形成了最开始我们讲解的那个结构

当然，从物料类型的配置画面，也可以指定

之后我们来运行Configure Automatic Postings 进行自动记账的配置

进入这个画面以后，我们看到有三个按钮

acct assignment就是我们要进行G/L ledger与valuation class进行关联配置的功能

而simulation是个十分重要和好用的功能，它可以让我们模拟某个物料在某个工厂下，进行各种业务操作时，各种自动记账账户的一个概览

而最后一个按钮可以让我们看到，某个公司代码下的某个value area下，有哪些G/L科目在被使用

我们首先看第一个功能，我们要讲解的功能

可以看到SAP将各种业务操作进行了分类，我们随便选取一个没有被配置过的BSD

进入后，系统会首先提示我们配置rule 也就是科目决定过程的一个规则

因为我们要根据valuation class进行不同科目的POST 所以将最后一个checkbox勾选

再点击accounts就可以看到 有一个两列的table 第一列便是valuation class 后面是相对应的账户

我们还可以在rules里面勾选debit/credit选项，则同一个valuation class，可以设置在作为借方和贷方是不同的账户

最后我们show一下前面提过的simulation功能 可以看到，一个物料的自动记账账户，一目了然