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[collection]Clear GL Account Process

Mon, 01 Jun 2009 07:02:43 +0100

This refers to the process of clearing GL accounts using both automatic clearing program as well as manual clearing.

Common Business Requirement

Certain GL accounts such as withholding tax, bank sub accounts, GR/IR accounts will always have an offsetting posting for a business transaction. Each line item will have its corresponding contra line item which would have already been posted or will be posted subsequently. E.g., when a cheque is issued, a credit posting is done to the bank outgoing payment sub account and when the bank statement is received, a debit posting is done to the same account. These line items need to be identified and cleared periodically. The clearing of accounts will ease the process of reconciliation of the balance sheet accounts such as accrual accounts and suspense accounts.

Sometimes, such business transactions are incurred in different currencies and over a period of time. There is a need to post the foreign currency gain / loss for any fluctuation in the currency in the local books.

In certain cases, there will be minor differences in the debit and credit values for the same business transaction. These line items should still be cleared automatically if they are within the tolerance limits, and the difference should be booked into the P&L account.

SAP provides two ways of clearing the GL line items; they are automatic clearing and manual clearing. Countries will use automatic clearing program or manual clearing or both.

When the GL account line items are not cleared automatically manual clearing should be used. After executing the automatic clearing transaction, the GL account open line items should be reviewed for any line that need to be cleared manually.

In some cases, e.g. after uploading of payroll, manual clearing of down payment accounts will be required.

In both automatic and manual clearing, the clearing document will be reset if the clearing was incorrectly done.

Common Business Process Flow

Common Business Process Flow for Clear GL Account is as follow:
Coming Soon!

The precondition to clearing is the balance sheet GL account has to be created as an “Open Item Managed” account. This is defined in the company code segment of the GL account master record.

For each GL account, foreign currency gain and loss accounts are defined. In case of foreign currency transactions that are booked over a period of time, any foreign currency gain or loss resulting in clearing are booked automatically.

Tolerance groups are defined for different group of GL accounts. During clearing, in case there is a difference between the debit and the credit entry but are still within the tolerance amounts, the difference is booked into a defined P&L account automatically.

Automatic Clearing Criteria

Based on the nature of these G/L accounts, the criteria needed to clear the entries and the order in which the criterion are to be selected are defined. Automatic clearing will be used for withholding tax, bank statements and GR/IR accounts. Two standard SAP programs are available – automatic clearing without specifying clearing currency (transaction code F.13), automatic clearing specifying clearing currency (F13E).

The clearing is done based on the following fields of the GL transaction line items and the type of accounts.

ZUONR – Assignment
DMBTR – Amount in local currency
BLDAT – Document Date
WRBTR – Amount in transaction currency
EBELN – Purchase order number
EBELP – Purchase order line items

GR/IR accounts will be cleared based on purchase order no and then purchase order line item no. Bank incoming and outgoing accounts will be cleared based on document date and then amount in transaction currency. Cash-in-transit accounts will be cleared based on the assignment field. Other open item managed balance sheet accounts will be cleared based on amount in local currency.

Tolerance Limit

More than one tolerance group can be assigned to a company code. Tolerance limit is set based on a percentage of the maximum amount of debit/credit amounts or absolute value based on the local currency of the company code. Tolerance group is maintained in the company code level data of the GL account.

If the difference is within tolerance limit, the difference is posted to WRITE OFF - SMALL OVERPAYMENTS / UNDERPAYMENTS Account.

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SAP cash discount 现金折扣

Mon, 09 Mar 2009 21:43:00 +0100

http://www.study-erp.com/Article/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=88
http://www.for-admin.cn/ERP/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=89

http://baike.baidu.com/view/514890.htm

SAP中相关折扣帐户的设置在
IMG->Financial Accounting (New)->Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable->Business Transactions->Outgoing Payments->Outgoing Payments Global Settings

IMG->Financial Accounting (New)->Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable->Business Transactions->Incoming Payments->Incoming Payments Global Settings

Configure The Automatic Payment Program

Wed, 25 Feb 2009 05:48:45 +0000

Here is demos about how to run automatic payment on IDES
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_ides/helpdata/en/6e/121aad9f0411d189b80000e829fbbd/frameset.htm
And here is the configruation steps:
http://www.sapdb.info/configure-the-automatic-payment-program/

Userful Tcode:

FBZP - maintain payment program

And we can also do step by step Financial Accounting -> Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable -> Business Transactions -> Outgoing Payments -> Automatic Outgoing Payments -> Payment Method/Bank Selection for Payment Program.

Financial Accounting -> Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable -> Business Transactions -> Incoming Payments -> Automatic Incoming Payments -> Payment Method/Bank Selection for Payment Program.

Steps for configuring the automatic payment program:

First, Set up the following:

Co. code for Payment transaction.
Define sending and paying company code.
Tolerance days for payable.
Minimum % for cash discount.
Maximum cash discount.
Special GL transactions to be paid.

Next, Set up the following:

Paying company code for payment transaction.
Minimum amount for outgoing payment.
No exchange rate diff.
Separate payment for each ref.
Bill/exch payment.
Form for payment advice.

Next, Set up the following:

Payment method per country.
Whether Outgoing payment.
Check or bank transfer or B/E.
Whether allowed for personnel payment.
Required master data.
Doc types.
Payment medium programs.
Currencies allowed.

Next, Set up the following:

Payment method per company code for payment transactions.
Set up per payment method and co. code.
The minimum and maximum amount.
Whether payment per due day.
Bank optimization by bank group or by postal code or no optimization.
Whether Foreign currency allowed.
Customer/Vendor bank abroad allowed.
Attach the payment form check.
Whether payment advice required.

Next, Set up the following:

Bank Determination for Payment Transactions.
Rank the house banks as per the following.
Payment method, currency and give them ranking nos.
Set up house bank sub account (GL code).
Available amounts for each bank.
House bank, account id, currency, available amount.
Value date specification.

Clear between a customer and vendor

Tue, 24 Feb 2009 22:07:05 +0000

If a vendor is also a customer, or vice versa, you can have the payment program and the dunning program clear the vendor and customer open items against each other. You can also select the customer line items when you display the vendor line items for this account.

Before you can clear items between a vendor and customer account, you must:

Create a customer master record for the vendor who is also a customer.
Enter the customer account number in the Customer field in the control section of the general data in the vendor master record.
Enter the vendor account number in the Vendor field in the control section of the general data in the customer master record.
Select Clrg with vend. and Clrg with cust. in the company data in both the customer and vendor master records. In this way, each company code can decide separately whether it wants to clear the customer with the vendor.

The clearing between the customer and vendor can happen by following the below settings

1. The customer number must be entered in the corresponding vendor master record
a. FK02->General Data -> Control
In the 'Account control' tab, in the 'Customer' field, enter the customer number

b. In the Company Code Data --> Payment Transaction Accounting, select the checkbox - 'Clrg with Cust'

2. The vendor number must be entered in the corresponding customer master record
a. FD02->General Data -> Control
In the 'Account control' tab, in the 'Customer' field, enter the vendor number

b. In the Company Code Data --> Payment Transaction Accounting, select the checkbox - 'Clearing with vendor'

3. For testing, create a vendor invoice through FB60 and customer invoice through FB70. Note that customer and vendor are properly selected.

4. For clearing the open items. Use the Tcode F-32. On clicking the 'Process open Items', the vendor invoice (KR) and customer invoice (DR) are shown automatically. It will generate the FI document with proper entry.

Note: Partial / Residual payment between customer and vendor is also possible

Tax configuration in brief

Tue, 24 Feb 2009 19:39:53 +0000

OBBG - Assign Country to calculation procedure.

OBCO - Specify structure for Tax Jurisdiction code. For country like U.S.A.
LG -> character length of first level of hierarchy within your tax jurisdiction code structure.
LG -> Second level of hierarchy as above.
LG -> Third level of hierarchy as above.
LG -> Fourth level of hierarchy as above.
TX -> Tick if you want the system to determine taxes on a line by line basis instead of determining them on a cumulative basis
per tax jurisdiction code.

OBCP - Define Tax Jurisdiction code
Dil -> Tick if you do not want tax amounts included in the based amount used for calculating cash discounts.
Txl -> Tick if you want the cash discount amount deducted from the base amount that is used to calculate taxes.

FTXP - Define Taxes on Sales/Purchases Code.

OBCL - Allow Tax codes for non-taxable transactions.

Communication error with the external tax system

Tue, 23 Dec 2008 12:13:35 +0000

在创建Vendor主数据时(国家选择了US)，系统产生错误信息Communication error with the external tax system

原因是应用了vertex

In the US the tax system is very complicate and therefore tax
determination is not done within SAP.
Just as an explanation. The tax rate might be different in each state.
Well that's normal and no problem for SAP. But the tax rate can be
different between the cities in the same state and if it comes worse the
rate various depending on the street where the customer is located.
In the same complex way the product might be taxable and sometimes not
taxable depening what kind of customer is ordering this product.

SAP recommends 3 products: Sabrix, Taxware and Vertex

One important thing for the taxdetermination is the so called "tax
jurisdiction code". This code will be determined based on the customers
address (state, city and sometimes even street). SAP uses RFC calls and
is transfering this information to Vertex and Vertex is responding with
the jurisdication code.

I don't know who has setup your system for the US market but normally it
is standard that you get an error message during customer master
maintenance if the connection between SAP and Vertex is not working.

I doubt that you can run SAP for the US without Vertex, Sabrix or
Taxware.
You have to fix the communication problem.

For details about the configuration please look at the SAP document:

"R/3 Tax Interface Configuration Guide"

【收藏】财务后台配置数据库表（中文描述）

Thu, 04 Dec 2008 17:03:57 +0000

http://sap.javaeye.com/blog/287172

Define Sensitive Fields

Thu, 04 Dec 2008 17:00:42 +0000

今天在IDES上创建一个VENDOR，发现change时提示要用FK08来做confirm，因为有敏感字段变更。

找了资料，发现AC200早就讲过...看来看过的东西都还给老师了

具体配置步骤
IMG: Financial Accounting → Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable → Vendor Accounts → Master Data → Preparations for Creating Vendor Master Data → Define Sensitive Fields for Dual Control (Vendors)

另外，在http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4cfa40ac0100b7fe.html 发现了关于AC200提到的，一些基本的配置，共享

1: Organizational Units1. IMG: Enterprise Structure→Definition→Financial Accounting→ Enter, Copy, Delete, Check Company Code → Copy, Delete, Check Company Code
2. IMG: Enterprise Structure → Definition → Financial Accounting → Edit, Copy, Delete, Check Company Code → Edit Company Code Data
3. IMG: Financial Accounting→Financial Accounting Global Settings → Company Code → Enter Global Parameters
2: The Fiscal Year
4. IMG: Financial Accounting → Financial Accounting Global Settings → Fiscal Year → Maintain Fiscal Year Variant (Maintain Shortened Fiscal Year)
5. IMG: Financial Accounting→Financial Accounting Global Settings → Fiscal Year → Assign Company Code to a Fiscal Year Variant
6. IMG: Financial Accounting → Financial Accounting Global Settings → Fiscal Year → Maintain Fiscal Year Variant (Maintain Shortened Fiscal Year)
3: Currencies
7. IMG: SAP NetWeaver → General Settings → Currencies → Check Exchange Rate Types
4: General Ledger Accounts8. IMG: Financial Accounting → G/L Accounting → General Ledger Accounts → Master Data → Preparation→ Define Account Group
9. Accounting → Financial Accounting → General Ledger → Master Records → G/L Accounts → Individual Processing→ Centrally
10. Accounting → Financial Accounting → General Ledger → Information System → General Ledger Reports → Master Data → G/L Account List → G/L Account List
5: Customer/Vendor Accounts
11. IMG: Financial Accounting → Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable → Customer Accounts → Master Data → Preparations for Creating Customer Master Data→ Define Account Group with Screen Layout (Customers)
12. IMG: Financial Accounting → Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable Accounting → Customer Accounts → Master Data → Preparations for Creating Customer Master Data→ Assign Number Ranges to Customer Account Groups
13. Accounting → Financial Accounting → Customers → Master Records → Create
14. IMG: Financial Accounting → Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable Accounting → Vendor Accounts → Master Data → Preparations for Creating Vendor Master Data → Define Account Group with Screen Layout (Vendors)
15. IMG: Financial Accounting → Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable Accounting → Vendor Accounts → Master Data → Preparations for Creating Vendor Master Data → Assign Number Ranges to Account Groups for Vendors
16. Accounting → Financial Accounting → Vendors → Master Records → Create
17. Accounting → Financial Accounting → Vendors → Master Records → Change
18. IMG: Financial Accounting → Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable → Vendor Accounts → Master Data → Preparations for Creating Vendor Master Data → Define Sensitive Fields for Dual Control (Vendors)
19. Accounting → Financial Accounting → Vendors → Master Records → Confirmation of Change
6: Bank Master Data
20. Accounting → Financial Accounting → Banks → Master Data → Bank Master Record → Create
21. IMG: Financial Accounting → Bank Accounting → Bank Accounts → Define House Banks
7: Document Header
22. IMG: Financial Accounting → Financial Accounting Global Settings → Document → Document Number Ranges → Define Document Number Ranges
23. IMG: Financial Accounting → Financial Accounting Global Settings → Document → Document Number Ranges → Copy to Company Code
24. IMG: Financial Accounting → Financial Accounting Global Settings → Document → Document Header → Overview
25. IMG: Financial Accounting→Financial Accounting Global Settings → Document → Document Header → Define Document Types
8: Line Item
26. IMG: Financial Accounting → Financial Accounting Global Settings → Document → Line Item → Controls → Define Field Status Variants
9: Posting Periods
27. IMG: Financial Accounting → Financial Accounting Global Settings → Document → Posting Periods → Define Variants for Open Posting Periods
28. IMG: Financial Accounting→Financial Accounting Global Settings → Document → Posting Periods→ Open and Close Posting Periods
29. IMG: Financial Accounting → Financial Accounting Global Settings → Document → Posting Periods → Assign Variants to Company Code
10: Posting Authorizations
30. IMG: Financial Accounting → Financial Accounting Global Settings → Document → Line Item → Define Tolerance Groups for Employees
31. IMG: Financial Accounting → Financial Accounting Global Settings → Document → Line Item → Assign Users/Tolerance Groups (Employees)
11: Simple Documents in mySAP ERP Financials
32. Accounting → Financial Accounting → General Ledger → Posting → Enter G/L Account Document
33. Accounting → Financial Accounting → Vendors → Document Entry → Invoice
34. Accounting → Financial Accounting → Customers → Document Entry → Invoice
35. Accounting → Financial Accounting → Customers → Document Entry → Credit Memo
36. Accounting → Financial Accounting → Customers or Vendors → Account → Display/Change Items
12: Default Values
37. IMG: Financial Accounting → Financial Accounting Global Settings → Document → Default Values for Document Processing→ Default Value Date
38. IMG: Financial Accounting → Financial Accounting Global Settings → Document → Document Header → Maximum Exchange Rate Difference → Define Maximum Exchange Rate Difference per Company Code
13: Document Change Rules39. Accounting → Financial Accounting → Customers → Document → Change
40. IMG: Financial Accounting → Financial Accounting Global Settings → Document → Line Item → Document Change Rules, Line Items
14: Document Reversal41. IMG: Financial Accounting→General Ledger Accounting→Business Transactions → Adjustment Posting/Reversal → Permit Negative Posting
42. IMG: Financial Accounting→General Ledger Accounting→Business Transactions → Adjustment Posting/Reversal → Define Reasons for Reversal
43. Accounting → Financial Accounting → General Ledger → Account → Display Balances
44. Accounting → Financial Accounting → General Ledger → Document → Reverse → Individual Reversal
15: Terms of Payment and Cash Discounts
45. IMG: Financial Accounting → Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable Accounting → Business Transactions → Incoming Invoice/Incoming Credit Memos→ Maintain Terms of Payment
16: Taxes
46. IMG: Financial Accounting → Financial Accounting Global Settings → Tax on Sales and Purchases → Calculation→ Define Tax on Sales and Purchases Code
47. IMG: Financial Accounting → Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable → Business Transactions → Outgoing Invoice/Outgoing Credit Memo → Outgoing Invoices/Outgoing Credit Memos ENJOY→ Define Tax Code per Transaction
17: Cross-Company Code Transactions
48. IMG: Financial Accounting→ Enterprise Structure → Assignment → Financial Accounting → Assign Company Code to Company
49. IMG: Financial Accounting→General Ledger Accounting→Business Transactions → Prepare Cross-Company Code Transactions Accounting → Financial Accounting → Vendors→Document→Cross Company Code Transaction→Display
18: Open Item Clearing
50. Accounting → Financial Accounting → Customers → Account → Display/Change Line Items
51. Accounting → Financial Accounting → Customers→ Account → Clear
19: Incoming and Outgoing Payments52. Accounting → Financial Accounting → Customers → Document Entry → Incoming Payments
20: Payment Differences
53. IMG: Financial Accounting → Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable → Business Transactions → Incoming Payment → Incoming Payment Global Settings → Overpayment/Underpayment → Define Reason Codes
54. IMG: Financial Accounting → Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable Accounting→Business Transactions→Incoming Payment→ Incoming Payment Global Settings → Overpayment/Underpayment→ Define Accounts for Payment Differences
21: Exchange Rate Differences
22: Setting Up the Cash Journal55. IMG: Financial Accounting → Bank Accounting → Business Transactions→Cash Journal→Create G/L Account for Cash Journal
56. IMG: Financial Accounting → Bank Accounting → Business Transactions → Cash Journal → Set Up Cash Journal
57. IMG: Financial Accounting → Bank Accounting → Business Transactions → Cash Journal → Define Number Range Intervals for Cash Journal Documents
23: Business Transactions in the Cash Journal
58. IMG: Financial Accounting → Bank Accounting → Business Transactions → Cash Journal → Create, Change, Delete Business Transactions
59. Accounting → Financial Accounting → Banks → Input → Cash Journal
24: Document Split
60. Accounting → Financial Accounting → Banks → Outgoings → Cash Journal
25: Posting to One-Time Accounts
26: Logistics - General
27: Procurement Process
28: Purchase Order Processing
61. Logistics → Materials Management → Purchasing → Purchase Order → Create → Vendor/Supplying Plant Known
62. Logistics → Materials Management → Purchasing → Purchase Order → Messages → Print/transmit Messages
29: Goods Receipt Processing63. Logistics → Materials Management → Inventory Management → Goods Movement → Goods Receipt → For Purchase Order → Purchase Order Number Unknown
30: Invoice Verification64. Logistics → Materials Management → Logistics Invoice Verification → Document Entry→ Enter Invoice
65. Logistics → Materials Management Logistics Invoice Verification → Further Processing → Display Invoice Document
31: Sales Process66. Logistics → Sales and Distribution → Sales → Order → Create
67. Logistics → Sales and Distribution → Shipping and Transport → Delivery → Create → Single Document → With Reference to Sales Order
68. Logistics → Sales and Distribution → Shipping and Transport→ Picking→Create Transport Request→ Single Document
69. Logistics → Sales and Distribution → Shipping and Transportation → Post Goods Issue → Outbound Delivery Single Document
70. Logistics → Sales and Distribution → Billing → Billing Document → Create
71. Logistics → Sales and Distribution → Billing → Billing Document → Display

Business Area&Functional Area

Wed, 29 Oct 2008 03:51:48 +0100

Business Area

The function of business areas is to create balance sheets and Profit and Loss statements below the company code level. Some common uses of business areas are to produce divisional financial statements or SEC segment-level reporting. It is important to note that business area functionality can be duplicated using Profit Center Accounting. The decision to use or not to use business areas should be made early on in the design phase of your project. Many new projects are leaning away from business areas and toward profit centers, but ultimately, the decision is an individual project decision based on what fits in to the overall system design of the project implementation. Some of the deciding factors are the need to report on business lines across company codes, the need for full balance sheets at the divisional or business line level, as well as the cost and benefits of business areas versus profit centers.

The functional area is an organizational unit in accounting that classifies the expenses of an organization by function.

It organize your business for cost of sales accounting. It allow you to segregate and classify different types of costs within one expense account. For e.g. a single labour account to determine what amount of labour is spent directly on production as compare to sales or hr.

SAP FI中的反记账

Tue, 21 Oct 2008 14:52:18 +0100

在SAP FI的company code全局设置和document type中都有一个 negative posting allowed的checkbox。因为正常我们做一张会计凭证时只能输入正值。但是有时候冲销，SAP的FB08并不能满足财务账面上的需求。所以需要在相应的科目上做负值(反记账checkbox)，进行冲销对账面调整。

有关这方面，SAP屠夫讲得十分详尽，可以参考

http://community.kingdee.com/pages/sapguru/blog/archive/2008/01/25/273972.aspx?CommentPosted=true

http://blog.vsharing.com/rayrain/A659274.html

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补充知识：红字冲销法 http://baike.baidu.com/view/1456215.htm

红字更正法 http://baike.baidu.com/view/1684147.htm